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Muhammad and the caliphate: from632-656
there may be no clear successor to Muhammad among his followers. The possibly applicants include Abu Bakr (the father of Muhammad's spouse A'isha) and Ali (a cousin of Muhammad and the husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatima). Abu Bakr is elected, and takes the identify 'khalifat rasul-Allah'.
The Arabic phrase way 'successor of the Messenger of God'. it will introduce a brand new word, caliph, to the alternative languages of the arena.
Abu Bakr, the primary caliph, lives no greater than years after the loss of life of Muhammad. in spite of this, inside this short time Muslim armies have begun their outstanding enlargement, subduing the entire of Arabia and striking as a ways north as Palestine.
Abu Bakr is succeeded in 634 with the aid of Omar (any other father-in-law of Muhammad), who in 638 captures Jerusalem. Six years After Hazrat Omar R.A is stabbed and killed in the mosque at Medina - for personal reasons, it appears, by using a Persian craftsman dwelling in Kufa.
Othman, chosen as the 0.33 caliph, is a son-in-regulation of Muhammad. by way of the quit of his right, in 656, Arabs have make as far afield as north Africa, Turkey and Afghanistan.
Othman, like his predecessor, is assassinated - but this time by means of rebellious Muslims. They pick out ali, another son-in-law of Muhammad, as the fourth caliph. For the first time inside the Muslim network the selected caliph is the selection of simply one faction. Ali's caliphate finally provokes the handiest principal sectarian break up inside the records of Islam, between Sunni and Shi'a (see The Shi'as).
Muhammad and the caliphate: from632-656
there may be no clear successor to Muhammad among his followers. The possibly applicants include Abu Bakr (the father of Muhammad's spouse A'isha) and Ali (a cousin of Muhammad and the husband of Muhammad's daughter Fatima). Abu Bakr is elected, and takes the identify 'khalifat rasul-Allah'.
The Arabic phrase way 'successor of the Messenger of God'. it will introduce a brand new word, caliph, to the alternative languages of the arena.
Abu Bakr, the primary caliph, lives no greater than years after the loss of life of Muhammad. in spite of this, inside this short time Muslim armies have begun their outstanding enlargement, subduing the entire of Arabia and striking as a ways north as Palestine.
Abu Bakr is succeeded in 634 with the aid of Omar (any other father-in-law of Muhammad), who in 638 captures Jerusalem. Six years After Hazrat Omar R.A is stabbed and killed in the mosque at Medina - for personal reasons, it appears, by using a Persian craftsman dwelling in Kufa.
Othman, chosen as the 0.33 caliph, is a son-in-regulation of Muhammad. by way of the quit of his right, in 656, Arabs have make as far afield as north Africa, Turkey and Afghanistan.
Othman, like his predecessor, is assassinated - but this time by means of rebellious Muslims. They pick out ali, another son-in-law of Muhammad, as the fourth caliph. For the first time inside the Muslim network the selected caliph is the selection of simply one faction. Ali's caliphate finally provokes the handiest principal sectarian break up inside the records of Islam, between Sunni and Shi'a (see The Shi'as).
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